Over 25+ Best Presentation Making Software Alternatives to PowerPoint (2024)

Whether you're a student or a working professional, chances are you'll need to create presentations.

If you don't have PowerPoint, you'll need a high quality alternative to PowerPoint. 

Microsoft's PowerPoint is one of the most popular presentation software packages available.

However, PowerPoint isn't the only professional presentation tool out there in 2024. There are many PowerPoint alternatives available if you need to make a presentation. 

Do you use PowerPoint to create your presentation? Our Envato Tuts+ presentation tutorials can help.

Study the following quick video series, How to Use PowerPoint in 60 Seconds. Also, don't miss our professional PowerPoint templates.

Many presentation creators are unaware of the variety of available PowerPoint alternative software. There are free options included.

Looking for the best PowerPoint alternatives?

This collection presents the best PowerPoint alternatives. We'll begin by looking at key features to consider in a presentation tool for 2024.

Guide to Making Great Presentations (Free eBook Download)

But first, get killer presentation tips and professional strategies in our free eBook: The Complete Guide to Making Great Presentations. 

You can download it before diving into this article. 

10 Top Features to Look for in a Presentation Software Package in 2024

Presentation software allows you to share information visually through a slideshow. They can be used to be shared primarily in person.

Today they're often published online and shared through the Internet. The scope of presentation software has expanded.

Individual needs vary when it comes to choosing the right presentation software package. Choose between a wide variety of options to find the package that's right for you.

Here are some features to keep in mind. Follow them to decide the best presentation software program to use in 2024:

1. Real-Time Collaboration

In today's teamwork-oriented environment, real-time coordination is an important consideration for presentation software.

The best presentation software packages incorporate tools for online sharing and collaboration.

2. Creative Design Tools

Make sure your presentation software has a set of creative design tools.

Use those tools to design a visually attractive creative presentation that'll stand out. Capture your audience’s attention and interest.

This includes the ability to add shapes as well as control the colors used in your presentation.

Illustrate your point and present your information in a more visual way, which will help your audience have a better understanding of your presentation.

3. Mobile Editing

According to recent figures from Pew Research Center, over 80% of Americans own a smartphone.

Likewise, figures from We Are Social put the usage of mobile devices worldwide at 67%.

Clearly, mobile devices are important in today's culture. To be most useful to today's user, a presentation software package should include mobile editing and sharing capabilities.

4. Audio

Sound makes a difference. A good audio track can help users retain information and make your presentation more professional.

The top presentation software packages allow users to incorporate sound into their presentation.

Some packages even include a library of sound effects to add to your presentation.

5. Animation

Animation effects are a good way to spice up your presentation. Use animation presentation software to add interest to the transitions between slides. Or use it to add details to a slide as you discuss it.

Effective use of animation during a presentation can:

• help the points of your presentation stand out 
• pace your delivery
• make a lasting impression on your audience

6. Import/Export Abilities

There are a wide variety of presentation software program packages available.

If you work with presentations, chances are that you'll need to import a presentation from another package. Also, you may need to export a presentation for another user.

The ability to import or export your presentation is an important consideration. Think about this when choosing the best tool to create your software presentation with.

7. Online Sharing

The ability to share a presentation online is important in two regards:

1. Online editing tools allow for collaboration.
2. Online publishing tools allow you to share your presentation on the Web.

If you'll be collaborating online or publishing your presentation to the Internet, choose a presentation software program that allows online sharing.

8. Technical Support

Strong technical support is important for nearly all software packages. Presentation software packages are no different. If you're new to creating presentations or if you work with a team that's got varying levels of expertise, be sure to select a presentation software option that offers strong technical support.

9. Template Availability

Using a professional template for your presentation can save you hours of time. It can also help to create a more effective presentation.

Many presentation software tools include templates. Many templates are available through third parties.

Envato Elemens offers professional templates for these presentation software packages. Here are the best-selling presentation templates trending in 2024:

• Google Slides
• Keynote
• PowerPoint

10. AI-Enhanced Capabilities

Modern presentation software is increasingly incorporating AI. It's used to streamline the creation process and enhance presentation quality.

Key AI features include automated design suggestions for visually appealing slides. Also features content generation for efficient information presentation, and speech-to-text for easy content creation.

AI can also analyze audience engagement, tailoring future presentations for maximum impact.

For a more in-depth look at a few of the top presentation software alternatives, study: 

• PowerPoint vs Keynote vs Google Slides: Best Presentation Software?

  Laura Spencer

  22 Sep 2022

Now, let's check out some of the best PowerPoint alternatives available in 2024.

25+ Best Presentation Software Alternatives to PowerPoint (2024)

When it comes to choosing presentation software in 2024, you've got many PowerPoint alternatives.

Here's a list of some of the best PowerPoint alternatives. All include a few highlights of each package:

1. Google Slides

Google Slides is one of the most popular presentation software alternatives to PowerPoint in 2024. It's also one of the free PowerPoint alternatives you can try out.

Currently, it's available when you sign up for a Google Account as part of Google Drive.

The sheer number of potential Google Slides users is enormous. Anyone with a Google account can access basic Google Slides features at no cost.

Online sharing is one of the strengths of Google Slides since it's a cloud-based tool.

You can easily use it for real-time collaboration or to publish a slideshow on the Internet. It also works on a PC, a Mac, or even a mobile device as long as an Internet connection is available.

Google Slides enhances its user-friendly interface with advanced AI features. The 'Explore' function which provides dynamic design suggestions, and voice typing for efficient slide creation.

Real-time captioning during presentations, smart compose and autocorrect functionalities. Plus, the interactive Q&A feature all leverage Google's sophisticated AI technology. All this to make presentations more engaging and accessible.

Google Slides is equipped with AI capabilities that enable users to swiftly generate professional-looking slides. It offers assistance in adding new slides, revamping existing ones, and crafting personalized themes.

This best PowerPoint alternative also offers a wide variety of formatting tools and special effects.

Get started with Google Slides. Check out our useful articles. Consider working with a time-saving template that's made with a modern style for 2024:

• How to Use Google Slides in 2023 (Quick Start Guide)

  Rebecca Tarnopol

  15 Mar 2023
• 30+ Cool Google Slides Themes (With Aesthetic Slide Design Ideas for 2023)

  Sean Hodge

  07 Nov 2022

3 Top Digital Presentations for Google Slides (For 2024)

Ready to start working with the free PowerPoint alternative, Google Slides?

Envato Elements makes it easy. Elements is an all-you-can-download creative marketplace. For a flat rate, try as many Google Slides digital presentations as you want.

Let’s look at three top options:

1. Crystal Agency Google Slides Presentation

Crystal Agency is a stylish, stunning Google Slides presentation deck. With over 30 custom slides, it’s easy to find layouts that work well for your needs.

This alternative to PowerPoint template is versatile enough to fit almost any topic. Drag and drop content onto the slides, and you’re all set.

2. Nevasca: Google Slides Template

Presentation-making software like Google Slides helps you make beautiful photo slides. The Nevasca template is the ideal template choice. Placeholders make it easy to add your own photos, along with other content.

When you use the best PowerPoint alternatives, you don’t give up any creative control. Put this template to work today.

3. Markethink - Google Slides

Collaborate with your global team and create infographic presentations fast, thanks to Markethink. With sleek graphics and bright colors, this one is sure to wow any audience.

It includes 20 slides. Choose between widescreen and standard layouts to fit any screen.

2. Keynote

Apple's Keynote is another very popular PowerPoint alternative software package designed to work with a Mac, iPad, or iPhone. It's part of Apple's iWork productivity suite.

It can also be used on a PC through iWork for iCloud. It includes real-time collaboration capabilities to make teamwork easier.

One interesting feature is Magic Move transitions. The Magic Move transitions feature lets you visually move featured images. This is just one of the many Keynote effects you can apply:

Learn even more about Keynote. Review these beginner tutorials, and find great presentation templates. These will save you time and give you a great design to work with:

• What Is Apple Keynote Software? +How to Start Using It to Make Presentations

  Sven Lenaerts

  24 Feb 2023
• 35 Best Keynote Presentation Templates (Designs For Mac Users 2024)

  Gonzalo Angulo

  05 Dec 2023

3 Top Digital Presentations for Apple Keynote (For 2024)

As you can see, Keynote is a compelling choice of presentation software. If you start using Keynote, why not revisit Envato Elements?

That’s right: Elements has thousands of stunning Apple Keynote templates too.

Once again, you’ll have unlimited downloads as an Elements subscriber.

1. Guava Keynote

Guava has a cool and modern look throughout. You’ll have plenty of options for style, thanks to over four dozen included slides. All graphics are easy to resize. The master slide layouts assist with consistent, fast bulk edits.

2. Toetiec Keynote Template

Toetiec is a bright and colorful Keynote design for 2024. With 90 slides, you definitely have all the options you could imagine.

There are unique layouts included, like maps and vector icons. All parts of the slides are editable, keeping creative control in your hands.

3. Muli™ Minimalist Keynote Template

HD graphics help this template look great on any display. It also comes pre-animated, which saves you valuable time.

The free custom fonts help even the text contribute to your stylish slides. Be sure to consult the handy documentation file if you need any help.

3. OnlyOffice Online Presentation Editor 

Another brand-new alternative to PowerPoint is OnlyOffice Online Presentation Editor.

This presentation tool is part of the OnlyOffice productivity suite from Ascensio System. It's a full-featured office suite comparable to Microsoft's productivity suite that includes tools for writing and editing documents, creating spreadsheets, and making presentations.

The PowerPoint alternative tool is recommended for small and medium companies that may be looking for a less expensive alternative to the pricier office productivity suites.

Because your presentations exist in the cloud, it's easy to collaborate. Sharing presentations is also easy.

One nice feature of OnlyOffice Presentation Editor is that Office 365 templates are compatible. This means that you can benefit from the vast libraries of proven Envato Elements. A definite plus that'll help your business presentation stand out from competitors.

In fact, we've got a comprehensive course that'll teach you everything you need to know about using templates in OnlyOffice.

Here's a free lesson to show you what to expect from the course (Note: this course is included with an Envato Elements subscription):

4. Prezentar

Prezentar allows you to create stunning slides, presentations, and videos. It operates as a cloud-based application, streamlining the process of producing professional presentations without recurring expenses.

The software boasts an impressive array of over 50 customizable templates catering to diverse industries and niches.

It also provides a suite of features that elevate the design process. Over 500 diverse slide layouts and an Animation FX Studio for dynamic effects.

Prezentar’s features an integrated audio recorder and music studio, a vast collection of over 500 fonts, and access to more than 8000 stock images.

It allows effortless social sharing with just one click, making it a modern, market-focused tool that breathes life into presentations.

5. SlideCamp

SlideCamp is a smart alternative to traditional presentation software like PowerPoint. It allows users to create a centralized library of presentation slides and templates, which can be shared across different teams.

This platform enables multiple users to work on presentations simultaneously, leave comments, and provide feedback.

It also offers powerful audio management tools and screen sharing capabilities, enhancing the collaborative experience.

SlideCamp’s unique feature is its ability to repurpose existing slides. It eliminates the need to waste time looking through old decks.

It also provides dashboard reporting that lets you see what is in use and provides insights to easily identify what triggers the highest engagement.

6. Prezi

Prezi, a popular PowerPoint alternative for 2024, views themselves as a presentation resource. Instead of using slides, you use a canvas to create your presentation. It helps speed up the process of building decks.

It's non-linear, so you can see the entire presentation at once or zoom into specific parts. The non-linear approach makes it ideal for less formal, conversational presentations.

Like many other presentation software packages, you can use this best PowerPoint alterntive on any platform. You can also collaborate online and publish to the web.

Prezi uses AI Prezi to amplify ideas and elevate presentations. It offers features like text enhancement, which can adjust the length of your text, turn it into bullet points, and simplify it to help your audience focus.

7. Zoho Show

Zoho Show is part of the Zoho Workplace. That suite also includes: Mail, Chat, Spreadsheet, Online Meeting, and other apps. 

Use Zoho Show online for creating, editing, or sharing a professional presentation. Zoho Show supports real-time collaboration.

You can also publish to the web. It also has mobile capabilities built in. These work when you're offline, and sync to your Zoho cloud when you go online again.

Zoho Show incorporates AI capabilities to enhance user experience. It offers features like real-time collaboration on slides, contextual commenting, and visually engaging presentations.

It also integrates with Zia, Zoho’s AI assistant. It can translate chats, emails, and other messages in multiple languages. Plus recommend tags for notes, and even respond to voice commands.

8. PowToon

PowToon specializes in creating animated presentations and short videos. Collaborate with others to create your own animated presentation. You can also use the tool to create animated charts and graphs.

Looking for free PowerPoint alternatives? Take advantage of their library of royalty free music and royalty free styles. Their templates are "drag and drop" for ease of use. Special pricing is available for students and for classroom use.

• Create a Better Presentation With AI: Presentation Maker AI Tools (+Video)

  Andrew Childress

  14 Nov 2023

9. CustomShow

CustomShow is designed for B2B sales and marketing presentations. It's a presentation software alternative to PowerPoint app that lets you create and deliver presentations online.

It uses a wide variety of platforms using real-time collaboration. It allows you to build a slide library that your sales team can customize as needed.

A feature that marketing professionals will appreciate is the integration with Salesforce.

10. Slidebean

Slidebean is another marketing presentation tool. One extra that this presentation software offers in 2024 is the opportunity to work with expert slide designers.

Premium users can create their own decks, or lean on Slidebean consultants for help. Slidebean also has tools to let you track who is viewing your presentations and determine how engaged they are.

Slidebean leverages AI to streamline the process of creating impactful presentations, allowing users to focus on content and storytelling rather than formatting and design.

It also offers an AI-powered Pitch Deck Generator. It can create a full pitch deck from a company’s website URL, and an AI Business Assistant for financial modeling and investment tracking.

11. Haiku Deck

Haiku Deck was created to make it easy to create an online presentation in 2024. They've got thousands of templates. It makes use of images licensed under Creative Commons and automatically provides attribution. Use it with an iPad or iPad mini. 

This presentation software alternative to PowerPoint is compatible with current versions of Chrome, Safari, and Firefox. Users can also upload PowerPoint or Keynote presentation files. Currently, a discount is available for educators and students.

12. Visme

Not only can you use Visme to create presentations, but you can also use it to create other types of visual content as well—including infographics, reports, wireframes, and more.

Share your presentations online or download to present offline. The tool includes the ability to animate objects, add links, pop-ups, and transitions. Discounts are available for students and teachers as well as for non-profits.

Visme’s AI features include an AI Presentation Maker that generates ready-to-use presentations from a text prompt, allowing users to customize their presentations with a library of royalty-free photos, videos, and graphics

13. SlideDog

This presentation tool allows you to combine a variety of media types into a presentation. SlideDog supports a wide variety of file types, including PowerPoint, PDF files, Prezi, Video (including YouTube), image files, web pages, Microsoft Word files, and Excel files.

SlideDog is a good option if your presentations draw upon materials from many sources. This tool supports live sharing and interactive audience polls.

14. Genially

Genially is a helpful tool for creating visual media, such as presentations, infographics, mind maps, and more.

The focus with Genially is interactivity, and nearly everything created with this tool can include interactivity. It also includes real-time collaboration and animation.

In addition, statistics help you measure whether your presentation is effective.

Genially’s AI capabilities include interactive and animated content creation, allowing users to design clickable, gamified, and media-rich experiences.

It also offers over 50 interaction and animation settings. Transform any type of content into an engaging, interactive experience.

15. FlowVella

Another good cloud-based presentation software app for the mobile world is FlowVella. It works for the iPhone, iPad, or Mac. You can also use it offline. It includes analytic tools that let you know the details about how your presentation was seen.

Use it in Kiosk mode for secure digital displays. There are also special teacher rates.

16. LibreOffice Impress

LibreOffice Impress is part of the LibreOffice software suite. It's open-source software, developed and maintained by users as a project of the not-for-profit group, The Document Foundation. 

Impress features feel familiar to users who work with popular presentation software tools. It’s a more basic option for 2024, but is useful for creating simple slides. There are also templates to help you get started.

17. Emaze

PowerPoint alternative Emaze is easy to learn to use. It's an online browser-based presentation building app that lets you use a variety of tools to create professional presentations. It runs on a wide variety of browsers on a Mac or PC.

It can also operate with smartphones. Special effects include 3D Zoom and video backgrounds. Discount rates are available for students, educators, and non-profits.

18. WPS Presentation

WPS Presentation is part of the WPS office suite, which also includes Writer and Spreadsheets. It's compatible with PowerPoint and has similar tools. It does include some good animation presentation software features as well as font resources.

When collaborating, leave comments for other users to review later. Current 2024 versions are available for iOS, Android, Windows, and Linux.

WPS Presentation software harnesses the power of AI to automate tasks in the presentation creation process, including slide design, content generation, and formatting

19. Beautiful.AI

Beautiful.ai is a presentation software that relies on artificial intelligence to help you achieve beautiful designs for your slide decks.

The way this presentation software works is by suggesting ways to visualize your ideas. Then it automatically updates your slide design as you add new content.

Beautiful.AI offers a number of premade templates that you can use as a starting point. Also find an image library with millions of photos that you can use in your presentations at no extra charge. Beautiful.AI is available for Mac and Windows and as an online app.

20. Ludus

Ludus is web application that allows you to create presentations without having to download and install any software on your computer. The app sets itself apart by letting you integrate and embed various types of content into your presentation to make it more engaging. This includes 3D models, videos, VR experiments, Dropbox files, designs from Figma, prototypes from Framer, InVision or Marvel. You can also insert GIFs, icons, custom fonts, and more.

21. Slides

Another browser-based tool, Slides is a suite of modern presentation tools with features such as drag and drop editor, media library, integration with online services like Unsplash and Giphy, Vimeo, and more.

Embed your presentations on your own custom domain or subdomain as well as export them as PDF. On top of that, each presentation you create will automatically sync to your linked Dropbox account.

22. Adobe InDesign

If you’re already using Adobe programs, why not use Adobe InDesign instead of PowerPoint to create your presentation? Because InDesign is the industry-leading software in page layout design, it makes sense to use it for presentations.

Since it's got plenty of tools for adding text and shapes, as well as interactive tools, you'll be able to create stunning presentations for your business or brand.

Adobe InDesign uses AI to enhance the document and image creation process. It offers features like “Content-aware fit” for intelligent graphic placement. Also “Find similar fonts” for typography matching. Plus “Subject-aware text wrap” for sophisticated layout design.

23. Focusky

Focusky is a desktop app for creating HTML5 presentations and animated videos. It's available for Windows and Mac and includes tons of built-in templates as well as custom animations and transition effects.

Export your presentations as HTML5 and embed them onto your website or as animated videos.

24. Canva

Canva is a versatile presentation software that serves as an excellent alternative to PowerPoint. It offers a vast selection of fonts, illustrations, icons, stickers, and built-in charts and graphs to enhance your presentations.

The platform also provides a suite of AI-powered tools known as Magic Studio, which includes features like Magic Write and Magic Design. Magic Write helps you find the right words for your content, while Magic Design uses AI to craft professional presentations.

Another notable feature is Magic Media, which can generate eye-catching images and videos based on your descriptions.

Canva also offers Magic Switch, which allows you to swap formats, languages, and dimensions instantly. These AI features make designing presentations more efficient, creative, and streamlined.

25. Sway

Microsoft Sway is a digital storytelling app that allows users to create interactive reports, presentations, personal stories, and more. It offers advanced design options such as automatic layout creation and built-in design suggestions.

Sway’s built-in design engine, powered by AI, helps users create professional designs in minutes. Sway dynamically adapts so it can be shared or co-edited with a simple URL, and it allows users to easily add files from their OneDrive account.

Leveraging AI, Sway handles design details like positioning, spacing, and responsiveness, making it an easy-to-use tool for creating visually appealing content.

26. Pitch

Pitch is a presentation software designed for fast-moving teams, offering a fresh alternative to traditional platforms like PowerPoint. It accelerates the process of presentation-making, allowing teams to start with an AI draft and easily adapt slides and templates to their brand.

The software boasts smart editing features and seamless collaboration, enhancing the efficiency of creating presentations. It also allows users to connect their favorite apps and libraries, enabling quick addition of visuals to slides, data import, and team synchronization.

One of the standout features of Pitch is its AI draft. This feature suggests a draft for your presentation, potentially saving time and providing a solid starting point.

While there isn’t explicit mention of other AI features, the platform’s ability to speed up every part of presentation-making suggests the use of advanced technologies.

What Are the Important Types of Presentation Skills to Learn?

Once you know which presentation software you want to use, you're almost ready to start working on your presentation.

One thing before you dive headfirst into the design. There are five key types of presentation skills you need to learn:

1. Create Variety

Master is the ability to create variety in your presentation. This way you ensure your audience remains engaged throughout the presentation.

2. Practice Maintaining Eye Contact

You’ll also want to make sure you maintain eye contact with your audience.

Establish a personal connection with them and keep them engaged with the presentation.

Specifically ask if they felt you engaged them through eye contact. Then incorporate the feedback. Use our tutorial to take constructive criticism into account:

• How to Take Constructive Criticism Like a Professional

  Charley Mendoza

  12 Jan 2021

3. Maintain an Audible Tone

Another important skill to master is maintaining an audible tone throughout the presentation.

Ensure that your audience will be able to hear you clearly. No matter how far they are from the stage.

4. Work on Your Confidence

It’s not unusual to get nervous right before your presentation. Working on your confidence will help eliminate stress and allow you to be more persuasive while on stage.

Know your topic like the back of your hand. Practicing your speech goes a long way. It can help you believe in yourself and your abilities.

Learn more about how to come across confident while presenting with the help of this tutorial:

• How to Give a Good Presentation—Without Anxiety or Being Nervous

  Julia Melymbrose

  24 Jan 2023

5. Communicate Complex Information in a Simple Way

Lastly, you need to be able to communicate complex information in such a way that'll keep your audience interested.

A good way to do this is to simplify information and use everyday language to explain various concepts from your presentation.

Adding accompanying visuals such as charts and images can simplify the topic for your audience.

Here are a few tutorials that'll help you master presentation skills:

• Importance of Body Language in Presentations: +How to Use It Effectively

  Brenda Barron

  13 May 2022
• How to Write Great Pitch Decks (With Powerful Storytelling Techniques)

  Brenda Barron

  07 Apr 2019
• How to Tell Effective Visual Stories in Your PowerPoint Presentations (+Video)

  Andrew Childress

  21 Dec 2022

The Best Source For Templates For Presentation Software in 2024

Still searching for the best creative presentation apps? Here's what you might be thinking: how do you create slideshows with the best presentation software?

Our recommendation is simple: subscribe to Envato Elements. It's an all-you-can-download subscription service. You've got all the best templates to help you create designs in the best presentation software apps.

Envato Elements is an all-you-can-download subscription. Find templates for the best presentation software apps.

Templates are magic. They help you create a professional presentation without learning an app from the ground up. Elements includes unlimited downloads for all of the top presentation apps.

On Envato Elements, you've got the best of both worlds: at a single flat rate cost, you get everything.

At a low cost, you've got starter designs with all the placeholders. Start with designs, add your details, and you're done!

Explore Creative Assets

Templates are the key to making the most of your presentation software. It helps you create digital presentations without learning an app from the ground up.

Make sure to choose one of the templates from Envato Elements so that you build confidence while working with creative presentation apps.

Now Envato Elements has introduced anAI-powered search feature! This innovative tool enables you to input a summary of your project to seamlessly find the best handcrafted resources. 

Start experimenting with this enhanced search tool! Find the ideal template for your project today.

Get a Free Presentation eBook

Also, be sure to download our eBook on Making Great Presentations. It'll help you with the complete presentation process. Learn how to write your presentation, design it like a pro, and prepare it to present powerfully.

Choose the Best Presentation Software for Your Needs (In 2024)

At one point or another, most of us will wind up using professional presentation software. For many, that means relying on PowerPoint.

PowerPoint may be a good choice. But there's more than one program for making presentations. Discover other good options available in 2024.

Learn even more about PowerPoint alternatives to create presentations. Check out our tutorial:

• How to Make a Better Presentation Without PowerPoint (+Top Alternatives)

  Zach LeBar

  27 Nov 2022

The best presentation software for your needs varies, depending on how you intend to use it. We've just identified 10 key features to consider when you choose your professional presentation software.

We've also explored over 25 of the best presentation programs, two of them being Google Slides and Apple Keynote.

If you’ve decided to use one of these two presentation software pages, then you have to check out our premade Google Slide templates and Keynote presentation templates over on Envato Elements. These are the best templates on the internet and will help kick start any presentation. 

If you create presentations regularly, consider signing up for Envato Elements.

The low monthly plan gives you access to thousands of presentation templates. Find designs for Google Slides, Keynote, and PowerPoint. Plus, you'll find other design assets that'll complement your presentation design.

Editorial Note: This post was originally published in April of 2017. It's been comprehensively revised to make current, accurate, and up to date by our staff—with special assistance from Brenda Barron, Andrew Childress, and Daniel Strongin.